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Glucotrol, Glibenese - Glipizide information - Antidiabetic
medication used to treat type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes
Glucotrol – Glibenese
Glipizide
Most important fact about Glibenese, Glipizide drug
Always remember that Glucotrol is an aid to, not a substitute for, good diet and
exercise. Failure to follow a sound diet and exercise plan can lead to serious
complications, such as dangerously high or low blood sugar levels. Remember,
too, that Glucotrol is not an oral form of insulin, and cannot be used in place
of insulin.
How should you take this medication?
In general, to achieve the best control over blood sugar levels, Glucotrol
should be taken 30 minutes before a meal. However, the exact dosing schedule as
well as the dosage amount must be determined by your physician.
Glucotrol XL should be taken with breakfast. Swallow the tablets whole; do not
chew, crush, or divide them. Do not be alarmed if you notice something that
looks like a tablet in your stool--it will be the empty shell that has been
eliminated.
If you miss a dose...
Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip
the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at
the same time.
Storage instructions...
Glucotrol should be stored at room temperature and protected from moisture and
humidity.
What side effects may occur?
Side effects from Glucotrol are rare and seldom require discontinuation of the
medication.
More common side effects may include:
Constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, gas, headache, hives, itching,
low blood sugar, nervousness, sensitivity to light, skin rash and eruptions,
stomach pain, tremor
Less common or rare side effects may include:
Anemia and other blood disorders, yellow eyes and skin
Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL, like all oral antidiabetic drugs, can cause low
blood sugar. This risk is increased by missed meals, alcohol, other diabetes
medications, and excessive exercise. Low blood sugar is also more likely in
older people, those with kidney or liver problems, and those with poorly
functioning adrenal or pituitary glands. To avoid low blood sugar, you should
closely follow the dietary and exercise regimen suggested by your physician.
Symptoms of mild low blood sugar may include:
Blurred vision, cold sweats, dizziness, fast heartbeat, fatigue, headache,
hunger, light-headedness, nausea, nervousness
Symptoms of more severe low blood sugar may include:
Coma, disorientation, pale skin, seizures, shallow breathing
Ask your doctor what steps you should take if you experience mild hypoglycemia.
If symptoms of severe low blood sugar occur, contact your doctor immediately.
Severe hypoglycemia should be considered a medical emergency, and prompt medical
attention is essential.
Why should this drug not be prescribed?
You should not take Glucotrol if you have had an allergic reaction to it
previously.
Glucotrol will be stopped if you are suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis (a
life-threatening medical emergency caused by insufficient insulin and marked by
excessive thirst, nausea, fatigue, pain below the breastbone, and a fruity
breath).
Special warnings about this medication
It's possible that drugs such as Glucotrol may lead to more heart problems than
diet treatment alone, or diet plus insulin. If you have a heart condition, you
may want to discuss this with your doctor.
If you are taking Glucotrol, you should check your blood and urine periodically
for the presence of abnormal sugar (glucose) levels.
Even people with well-controlled diabetes may find that injury, infection,
surgery, or fever results in a lack of control over their diabetes. In these
cases, the physician may recommend that you stop taking Glucotrol temporarily
and use insulin instead.
Glucotrol may not work well in patients with poor kidney or liver function.
In addition, the effectiveness of any oral antidiabetic, including Glucotrol,
may decrease with time. This may occur because of either a diminished
responsiveness to the medication or a worsening of the diabetes.
Be careful taking the extended-release form of the drug, Glucotrol XL, if you
have any narrowing in your stomach or intestines. Also, if you have any stomach
or intestinal disease, Glucotrol XL may not work as well.
Possible food and drug interactions when taking this medication
It is essential that you closely follow your physician's dietary guidelines and
that you inform your physician of any medication, either prescription or
nonprescription, that you are taking. Specific medications that affect Glucotrol
include:
- Airway-opening drugs such as Sudafed
-
Antacids such as Mylanta
-
Aspirin
-
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin)
-
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
-
Clofibrate (Atromid-S)
-
Corticosteroids such as prednisone (Deltasone)
-
Diuretics such as HydroDIURIL
-
Estrogens such as Premarin
-
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
-
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
-
Heart and blood pressure medications called beta blockers such as Tenormin and
Lopressor
-
Heart medications called calcium channel blockers such as Cardizem and Procardia
XL
-
Isoniazid (Rifamate, Rimactane)
-
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
-
MAO inhibitors (antidepressant drugs such as Nardil and Parnate)
-
Major tranquilizers such as Thorazine and Mellaril
-
Miconazole (Monistat)
-
Nicotinic acid (Nicobid)
-
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Motrin and Naprosyn
-
Oral contraceptives
-
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
-
Probenecid (Benemid)
-
Rifampin (Rifadin)
-
Sulfa drugs such as Bactrim and Septra
-
Thyroid medications such as Synthroid
-
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Alcohol must be used carefully, since excessive alcohol consumption can cause
low blood sugar.
Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding
The effects of Glucotrol during pregnancy have not been adequately studied.
Therefore, if you are pregnant, or planning to become pregnant, you should take
Glucotrol only on the advice of your physician. Since studies suggest the
importance of maintaining normal blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy,
your physician may prescribe insulin during pregnancy. To minimize the risk of
low blood sugar in newborn babies, Glucotrol, if taken during pregnancy, should
be discontinued at least one month before the expected delivery date. Although
it is not known if Glucotrol appears in breast milk, other oral antidiabetics
do. Because of the potential for hypoglycemia in nursing infants, your doctor
may advise you either to discontinue Glucotrol or to stop nursing. If Glucotrol
is discontinued and if diet alone does not control glucose levels, your doctor
may prescribe insulin.
Recommended dosage
Dosage levels must be determined by each patient's needs.
ADULTS
Glucotrol
The usual recommended starting dose is 5 milligrams taken before breakfast.
Depending upon blood glucose response, your doctor may increase the initial dose
in increments of 2.5 to 5 milligrams. The maximum recommended daily dose is 40
milligrams; total daily dosages above 15 milligrams are usually divided into 2
equal doses that are taken before meals.
Glucotrol XL
The usual starting dose is 5 milligrams each day at breakfast. After 3 months,
your doctor may increase the dose to 10 milligrams daily. The maximum
recommended daily dose is 20 milligrams.
CHILDREN
The safety and effectiveness of this drug in children have not been established.
OLDER ADULTS
Older people or those with liver disease usually start Glucotrol therapy with
2.5 milligrams. They can start Glucotrol XL treatment with 5 milligrams.
Overdosage
An overdose of Glucotrol can cause low blood sugar. (See side effects section
for symptoms.) Eating sugar or a sugar-based product will often correct the
condition. Otherwise, seek medical attention immediately.
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